WIRE  RAILING,  GRATINGS,  VERANDAS,  WROUGHT  AND  CAST-IRON  RAILINGS, 
FARM  FENCES,  IRON  FURNITURE,  IRON  BEDSTEADS,  IRON 
STATUARY,  SETTEES,  CHAIRS,  &c. 


JOHN  B.  WICKERSHAM,  Agent,  312  Broadway. 


WORKS,  57,  59  & 61  LEWIS  ST.,  KEW  YORK. 


Neiu  govk: 

FOWLER  AND  WELLS,  PRINTERS,  No.  308  BR0ADWA\Y. 

\ 


1 


18  55 


I o 


JOHN  B.  W1CKERSILV3I,  Agent,  812  Broadway,  New  York. 

BRICK’S  PATENT  GAS  BURNER  saves  20  PER  CENT,  of  gas — gives  a more  steady  light — prevents 
waste — does  not  smoke. 

This  Burner  is  the  best  in  use,  as  it  is  constructed  on  scientitic  principles.  It  can  be  applied  to  any  gas  fixtures 
in  the  United  States.  The  size  of  the  patent  burner  is  about  the  same  as  those  in  general  tise. 

TESTIMONIALS 

have  been  received  from  hundreds  of  persons,  who  have  tried  this  patent  gas  burner.  In  all  cases  it  saves  over 
twenty  per  cent,  of  gas,  and  always  gives  entire  satisfaction.  A trial  is  all  that  is  necessary  to  insure  its  adoption. 

®itr  popular  Jfamilii  |oitntals. 

Fowleu  and  Wells,  308  Broadway,  New  York,  publish  the  following  Scieiitihc  Serials,  which 
afibrd  an  excellent  opportunity  for  bringing  before  the  Public  all  subjects  of  general  interest. 

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Science,  and  the  Arts ; to  Entertainment,  Improvement,  and  Progress.  Designed  to  encourage  a spirit  of  hope, 
manliness,  self-reliance,  and  activity  among  the  people;  to  point  out  the  means  of  profitable  economy  ; and  to 
discuss  and  illustrate  the  leading  ideas  of  the  day  ; to  record  all  signs  of  progress;  and  to  advocate  political 
and  INDUSTRIAL  RIGHTS  FOR  ALL  CLASSES.  Terms,  Two  Dollars  a Year. 


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and  Practice  ; to  Physiology  and  Anatomy,  with  Illustrative  engravings ; to  Dietetics,  Exercise,  Clothing,  Occupa- 
tions, Amusements,  and  those  Laws  which  govern  Life  and  Health.  Monthly,  at  One  Dollar  a Year, 

The  American  Phrenological  Journal.  A Repository  of  Science.  Literature,  and  General  In- 
telligence ; devoted  to  Phrenology,  Education,  ^klagnetism.  Psychology,  Mechanism,  Architecture,  and  to  all  those 
Progressive  Measures  which  are  calculated  to  Reform,  Elevate,  and  Improve  Mankind.  Illustrated  with  numerous 
jiortraits  and  other  engravings.  A beautiful  Quarto.  One  Dollar  a Year. 

For  Three  Dollars,  in  advance,  a copy  of  Life  Illustrated,  the  Phrenological  Journal,  and  the  Wa- 
ter-Cure Journal,  will  be  sent  a year  to  one  address. 


Boston  ; I4‘2  Wiisliin;;toii  Street.  I 
Piiii.Ai)Ki.i'iii.\  ; 1231  All'll  Street,  j 


SI  o . 3 0 8 


D WELLS, 

Broadway,  New  Vork. 


IT  O II  A C E W A T E 11  S , 

IMANO  FOUTE  k Ml'SU.'  E.M1‘()I!1UM,  333  lUlOADWAV,  X.  Y., 

Maiiiiroeliin-r  of  llie  Kri-iilly  liiiiiroved  lloroi’e  Wnlem  I’iniiov. 

Ami  «jlc  Agent  for  T.  (in  h»kt  k Co’*  celeliralnl  I’iiino*.  willi  or  u-illioul  the  -Eolinn. — 
H.iLijrrr  4:  Cl  m*to.\»'  well-known  I’mno*.  Also 

Woodwiiril  iV  Brown’s  iiiiil  Jiirolt  I'liickcriii^’s  I’iiinos 

S I),  k II.  W.  Smith'*  eelrbrnlcil  Mrlocli-on«.— Makti.v’h  (.’uiliir*.  nml  ileulor  in  Miisieal 
In*lruineiH*  of  nil  kind*.  rXTE.V.''lVK  I'l  BlJSIUUt  OK  sHECT  Mr.^IC  AM)  .Ml'.<IC 
IKHiK'i.  I'liinn*  niul  MrliMleoii*  «old  at  prier*  wliK-li  defy  eoii.pi-litlon.  Second-hand  I’l- 
iino*  III  grral  Imrgnin*— I'riee  from  lo  $176. 

X*  1 n.  XL  o » to  XX  o XL  t . 


American  & Foreign  Patent  Agency. 

MYNS  fc  ro.,  No.  I'JR  KI  LTON  STRKl-n',  NKW  YORK.  CONTI NL’K  To  SO- 
lini  Putrnu  m nil  rouniriurt  whi*re  lawn  for  ihr  proioclion  of  Iiiv»*nlor*  uxi«i,  wuli 
ihr*  utinont  facility  anU  clc*putch.  Tliejr  have  rt'xpoiiiible  Agcutii  in  the  cliicf  CTuen  ol 
Kufopc. 

Appliratnin*  for  Atneriran  ratent*  receive  especial  attention.  Specification  and  Prnw- 
inift  ncruratrly  prrpnrr<L 

THK  HtTKNTIrM*  AMKRICAN,  a Weekly  Journal, devoted  to  the  Inierc^U  «»f  Mechan- 
ist, Manufacturers  and  InvcMitorn.  It  contaiim  a great  number  of  Engravings,  and  is 
vriy  widely  clrculaieil.  Terms,  per  annum  ; $1  for  six  months. 

MI  NN  Sc  f'O.,  Tuhlishcrs. 


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TIIK  NKW  YORK  WEEKLY  TKIBI'NE — a very  large  paper  for  the  country — is  pub- 
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Eight  copies  for  flO,  or  twenty  copies  to  one  address  for  and  the  paper  in  no  case 
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THESKMI  WKEKI*Y  TRIBUNE,  is  published  every  TUESDAY  and  FRIDAY  MORNING. 
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t\  ClUllS. 

THE  NEW  YORK  TRIBUNE — For  California,  Oregon  and  the  Sandwich  Islands— Is  pub- 
lished on  the  departure  of  each  Mail  Steamer  for  Aspinwall,  at  60  per  annum.  Single 
copies  6 cents. 


C.  B.  CONANT  & CO., 

VOM.)f/SSIOX  //Ani)]VA7{E  MEJiClIANTS  AXE  MAXUFAC- 
'TUEERS'  A GEXrS, 

W «r oXlxl  St., 

New  Yobk. 


G.  B CONANT.  I 
S C.  DEMAREST,  f 


A 


NEW  PHASE 


IN 


EMBRACING 


A DESCRIPTION  OF  ITS  USES  FOR  ENCLOSING  PUBLIC  SQUARES,  CEMETERY  LOTS,  DWELLINGS, 
COTTAGES,  OFFICES,  GRATINGS  FOR  STORES,  PRISONS,  &c.,  WINDOW  GUARDS, 
BEDSTEADS,  TREE  BOXES,  VERANDAS,  &c. 


BY  JOHN  B.  WICKERSH  AM. 


Keui  gork: 

FOWLER  & WELLS,  PRINTERS,  No.  .308  BROADWAY 


1855 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


AVERY  LIBrJuRY 
COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY 

AT  J'C'  'Vz 


https://archive.Org/details/newphaSeinironmaOOwick_O 


DESIGNED  BY  JOHN  B.  WICKEBSIIAM,  312  Broadway,  New  York. 


Notwithstanding  the  great  and  constantly  increasing  abundanee  of  Iron,  from  its  durability  and  the  multiplicity 
of  uses  to  which  it  is  adapted,  it  may  now  be  ranked  as  the  foremost  among  the  mttals.  Recent  improve- 

ments in  machinery  for  its  manufacture  have  much  enlarged  its  sphere  of  usefulness.  Its  hardness  and  intractability 
have  been  rendered  soft  and  flexible  by  the  ])Owerful  embrace  of  the  Steam  Engine,  and  inventive  skill  has  moulded 
the  metal  into  forms  as  light,  graceful  and  various,  as  those  hitherto  supposed  peculiar  to  the  productions  of  nature, 
and  i'abrics  of  finer  and  more  ductile  minerals.  New  inventions  are  daily  developed  for  purposes  indispensable  to 
every-day  comforts.  In  the  construction  of  houses,  and  household  furniture,  whether  designed  for  use  or  ornament, 
it  is  rapidly  usurping  the  place  of  other  materials.  The  manufacture  of  wrought-iron  has  reached  a degree  of  perfec- 
tion in  which  it  may  be  applied  to  numberless  uses  where  strength,  durability,  and  decoration  are  sought  to  be  com- 
bined. The  ductility  of  the  metal  has  been  turned  to  account,  and,  by  the  aid  of  machinery,  articles  are  made  which 
are  not  only  cheaper,  but  they  are  also  stronger  and  more  beautiful  than  anything  previously  constructed. 

A peculiar  feature  of  the  manufacture  has  been  brought  prominently  before  the  public  in  the  construction  of  fab- 
rics from  Woven  Iron, — a process  of  profiting  by  the  peculiar  ductile  and  tenacious  properties  of  malleable  iron  in 
such  manner  as  to  produce  wrought  or  woven  fabrics  in  a cheaper  and  more  durable  form.  It  is  well  known  that 
cast-iron  is  easily  moulded  into  many  different  forms,  but  these  patterns  admit  of  little  variety  compared  with  the  end- 
less combinations  of  the  malleable  condition  of  the  same  substance.  And  the  lightness,  beauty  and  variety  of  these 
combinations  do  not  constitute  all  the  advantage  of  woven,  over  the  cast-iron  fabrics.  The  (jreat  strength  of  the  former 
is  their  chief  recommendation  in  all  situations  where  violence  and  “wear  and  tear”  are  to  be  resisted.  The  minute 
and  careful  investigations  of  Mr.  Stephenson,  the  Engineer  of  the  Britannia  Tubular  Bridge,  have  satisfactorily  de- 
monstrated the  extraordinary  powers  of  Wrought-Iron  to  resist  extension.  He  demonstrated  that  this  material  is  ca- 
pable of  resisting  a strain  of  from  16  to  18  tons  per  square  inch,  while  cast-iron  endures  only  from  3 to  7 tons.  Ex- 
amples further  demonstrating  this  superiority  might  be  multiplied,  were  the  question,  in  any  degree,  a disputed  one. 
But  enough  of  generalities.  Proceed  we  to  the  consideration  of  Woven  Iron  as  applied  to  the  construction  of  Orna- 
mental Fences,  Verandas,  Balconies,  Window  Guards,  Gates,  &c. 

The  first  manufactory  of  W^oven  Iron,  for  these  purposes,  was  established  some  seven  years  since,  and  the  busi- 
ness then  commenced  has  grown  and  is  still  growing,  with  unprecedented  rapidity.  Beginning  with  the  simple  manu- 
facture of  Wire  Fences,  the  assortment  now  comprises  a very  great  variety  of  unique  and  beautiful  patterns.  The 
peculiar  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  the  process  of  crim'ping  and  weaving  bars  and  loire  of  any  size.  The 
plan  of  crossing  the  wires  is  so  contrived  that  each  binds  the  other,  giving  support  to  every  part  of  the  structure. 
Fabrics  manufactured  in  this  manner  ivill  endure  five  times  the  violence  that  cast-iron  railing  in  common  use  is  capa- 
ble of  withstanding.  Its  leading  features  are  newness  of  style  and  variety  of  forms,  combining  taste  and  ornament 
with  the  utmost  permanence  and  security. 

CAST-IRON  POSTS. 

For  style  of  Cast-iron  posts  see  pattern  No  1 and  enlarged  cut  No  15.  These  ornamental  posts  are  not  furnished 


with  the  fence,  but  are  charged  extra. 

Cast-iron  posts,  for  3 ft.  -I  in.  railings $2  50  each 

do  do  4 ft.  do  4 00  “ 

do  do  5 ft.  6 in.  do  7 00  “ 

do  do  6 ft.  do  8 00  “ 

Wrought-iron  posts  3 ft.  4 in.  do  1 25  “ 

do  do  4 ft.  do  2 00  “ 

do  do  5 ft.  6 in.  do  4 00  “ 

do  do  6 ft.  do  5 00  “ 


Cast-iron  ornamental  posts  are  only  necessary  at  corners  and  each  side  of  gates. 

OFFICE  RAILING  posts  are  50  cents  each,  extra  on  the  above  prices.  Office  Railings  which  may  be  selected 
from  any  of  the  following  designs,  50  cents  per  foot  additional  is  charged  for  j)utting  up,  painting,  &c. 

Brice  ^or putting  up  work  is  always  additional  on  the  ])rices  following: 

Borders  as  in  Nos.  5,  6,  13  and  14  may  be  added  to  the  top  or  bottom,  or  both,  of  the  following  designs  of  rail- 
ings, at  an  expense  of  37^  cents  per  lineal  foot  per  each  border. 

No.  6 wire  lias  been  found  sufliciently  strong  for  Cemetery  purposes  and  Office  Railing,  while  for  front  door  yard 
enclosures_wire  { of  an  inch  diameter  is  preferable,  and  for  public  parks  and  grounds  f of  an  inch  wire  is  most  desir- 
able. 


4 


No.  1 Pattern  embraces  all  sized  meshes  of  plain  diamond  form.  It  also  shows  the  manner  of  securing  the  Panels, 
and  inserting  the  prongs  of  the  posts  in  the  ground,  which  is  all  the  security  necessary  for  a movable  fence.  This  is 
a very  desirable  pattern  for  Lawns,  &c. 


WIRE  HURDLE  FENCE. 


PRICES  PER  LINEAL  FOOT. 


No.  1, 

U 

a 

a 

IL 


9 in.  ]\[esh.  No.  6 wire.  Hurdle, 
6 in.  “ “ 6 “ “ 

G in.  “ 8 “ 

9 in.  “ “ iin“  “ 

Gin.  “ “ Iin“  “ 


3 ft.  between  bars,  wdien  up  3 ft.  6 in. 

il  ((  U l(  U 


(4  44  44 

44  44  44 

44  44  44 


44  44  44 

44  44  44 

44  * 44  44 


$0  G5 
85 
75 
75 

1 00 


No.  1.  FOR  CEMETERIES,  DOOR  YARDS,  &c.  No  2 


44  4 4 

-•  in.  “ “ 

44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

1 

25 

(4  44 

s U 1( 

TT  1'*. 

44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

4 

1 

50 

44  44 

^ in.  “ “ 

44 

44 

4 ft. 

44 

44 

44 

2 

00 

No.  2 Pattcrn- 

—No.  G “ “ 

44 

44 

3i  ft. 

44 

44 

44 

1 

00 

44  44 

; in.  “ “ 

44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

4( 

1 

25 

4 4 4 4 

■'  in  “ “ 

44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

1 

50 

44  44 

j!  in.  “ “ 

44 

44 

4 ft. 

44 

44 

(4 

2 

00 

The  following  extract  from  the  Philadelphia  North  American  says ; 

“ Beautiful  Railing. — Among  the  numerous  striking^  improvements  lately  made  in  Independence  Hall,  is  a very 
neat  and  beautiful  wire  railing,  enclosing  the  statue  of  Washington,  which  was  put  up  by  J.  B.  Wickcrsliarn.  It  is 
a specimen  of  the  Patent  Iron  Railing.  The  original  and  peculiar  manner  in  whicli  this  railing  is  made  must  cause 
it  to  become  a great  fiivorite  with  persons  wanting  iron  railing.  It  combines  strength  and  durability  of  material 
with  beauty  of  appearance,  and,  being  entirely  of  wrought-iron,  can  be  manufactured  into  an  endless  variety  of  shapes 
and  designs.  Afanv  persons  will  prefer  it  to  the  cast-iron  railing.  It  is  admirably  adapted  to  cemeteries,  verandas, 
areas,  cottages,  gardens,  &c. 

No.  3.  No.  4. 


PRICES  PER  LINEAL  FOOT. 

No.  3 Pattern — No.  6 Wire,  3^  ft.  high,  with  pickets 


i in.  “ 

3 1 ^ ^ 


i in. 


No.  4 Pattern — No.  6 

U U I 


in. 


4 ft 

U 


-®-in  ‘ 

1 fi 


$1 

. 1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 


00 

25 

50 

00 

3 1 ^ 
621 


No.  6. 


No.  6. 


No.  5 Pattern — No.  6 Wire,  3i  ft.  bigh,  Avitb  pickets. 


in.  ‘ 
Vin.‘ 
in.  ‘ 


$1  00 

1 25 
. 1 50 

2 00 


With  border,  37i  cents  per  lineal  foot  extra.  This  is  a very  neat  pattern,  and  has  been  selected  to  enclose  the 
galleries  of  the  House  of  Refuge,  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  at  Baltimore,  ]\Id. 

No.  6 Pattern — No.  6 Wire,  34  ft.  in  height, 02i 

“ “ 4 “ “ p 94' 

“ “ v6hi-“  “ 2 121 

fhi.“  4 “...... 2 75 

If  wanted  without  border,  37^  cents  less  per  lineal  foot. 


No.  9. 


No.  10. 


No.  9 Pattern — No.  G AVire,  3^  i't.  in  height 

“ [“  iin.  “ “ “ 

»:  li  j u u (I 

1 '6  

“ “ f in.  “ 4 “ 

No.  10  Pattern — No.  G Wire,  3^  ft.  in  height 1 50 

“ “ ’ in.“  “ “ 1 75 

“ “ T\in.“  “ “ 2 00 


. $1  50 
. 1 75 
. 2 00 
. 2 75 


U 


in, 


“ “ 9 inch  mesh 1 50 

W ith  border,  37^  cents  2:)er  lineal  foot  additional.  The  extra  jirice  of  these  and  following  numbers  is  owing  to 
one  or  more  additional  row  of  rosettes,  each  row  increasing  the  price  25  cents  per  foot. 


No.  11. 


No.  12. 


T«l'l 

5in.‘ 


AV  ith  border,  37^  cents  j)er  loot  extra. 


1 75 

2 25 


No.  13. 


No.  14. 


PKICES  PER  LINEAL  FOOT. 


Patterns  13  and  1-1 — No.  6 Wire  3|  ft.  in  height,  with  borders 

((  u t(  ^ n a (f  u (i 

u it  ((  -^-in 

“ “ “ |in.“  4 ft.  6 in.  “ “ “ 


$2  50 
. 2 75 
3 00 
. 4 00 


No.  15. 


No.  17. 


(I  (( 
U H 


— — in 

I 6 


((  li 


#in.“  4 “ 


1 75 

2 25 


With  top  or  bottom  border,  37-^  cents  additional ; with  both,  75  cents.  No.  17  was  selected  by  the  authorities 
of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  to  enclose  the  Battery  in  that  city.  These  patterns  are  generally  preferred  to  all  others. 


8 


No.  18. 


No.  19. 


PRICES  PER  LINEAL  FOOT. 

Nos.  19  and  18,  \ in.  Wire  4 ft.  high, $2  00 

“ “ “ A in.  “ “ 2 25 

“ “ “fin.  “ 51  “ 3 00 


No.  20. 


No.  21. 


PRICES  PER  LINEAL  FOOT. 

Nos.  20  and  21 — No.  6 Wire,  3i  ft.  high,  without  border  . . . 


$1  75 


ll  U ((  ^ U 

u u ii  ‘‘ 

I 0 


2 00 
2 50 


(1  (I  3 “ 


_ in."  “ “ “ • 2 75 

With  tlie  centre  row  of  Rosettes  only  these  patterns  can  be  furnished  at  the  same  prices  as  No.  15.  With  border 
at  top  or  bottom,  37 1 cts.  per  foot  additional ; at  both  top  and  bottom,  75  cts. 

No.  22.  No.  23.  No.  22. 


1 


I 


PRICES  PER  LINEAL  FOOT. 


Nos.  22  and  23 — No.  0 Wire  Si  ft.  liigli,  without  border, $1  75 

il  U ((  ((  2 (JO 

a u a 4(  2 9 25 


Additional  price  for  borders  same  as  above.  In  each  of  preceding  Patterns,  for  an  extra  foot  in  height,  the  jjrice 
is  increased  ^ per  foot.  For  each  extra  row  of  rosettes  at  the  intei’sections  of  the  wires,  25  cents  per  foot  is  charged. 
Small  Gates  (No.  23)  from  $2  to  extra. 


CEMETERY  ENCLOSURE. 


Civilized  mankind  in  all  ages  of  the  world  have  bestowed  great  attention  on  the  adornment  of  places  of  sepulture 
for  their  dead,  and  the  marks  of  affection  which  render  our  Cemeteries  so  agreeable  and  inviting  to  the  eye,  may  be 
traced  to  the  same  causes  which  founded  the  mighty  , monuments  of  old.  Yet  the  modern  testimonial  of  respect  and 
affection  for  the  departed  differs  from  the  ancient  in  the  substitution  of  well-arranged  grounds  and  tasteful  appliances 
in  place  of  cumbrous  monuments.  For  the  enclosure  of  Cemetery  lots  there  is  nothing  so  good  and  ornamental  as 
iron  wrought  into  the  above  style,  and  the  patterns  before  given.  It  has  already  been  extensively  applied  at  Green- 
wood, Mount  Auburn,  Laurel  Hill,  the  Congressional  Grounds  at  Washington,  the  Philadelphia  Odd  Fellows’,  Me- 
chanics’, and  Monument  Cemeteries ; at  Greenmount,  Baltimore,  Cypress  Hills,  New  York  Bay,  and  elsewhere,  where 
the  enclosures  have  been  noted  for  the  beauty  of  their  pattern  and  finish,  and  the  substantial  character  of  their  work 
manship.  Enclosures  manufactured  in  this  manner  can  be  furnished  as  cheaply  as  simple  chains  and  posts,  and  at 
one-half  the  cost  of  cast-iron.  The  enclosures  are  made  of  every  pattern,  which  are  furnished  at  the  respective  prices 
given  previously  under  the  appropriate  numbers. 

2 


U) 


No.  17.-BALC0NY. 


The  above  cut  represcntg  one  of  many  patterns  beautifully  adapted  for  Balconies,  for  public  and  private  edifices.  A 
Balcony  is  always  a desirable  addition  to  any  mansion,  and  a luxurious  resting-place  in  the  pleasant  weather  of  sum- 
mer. Yet  these  conveniences  have  been  less  and  less  used  because  of  their  great  cost,  weight,  .and  cumbrous  aspect; 
and  so  long  as  they  arc  constructed  of  cast-iron,  tliese  objections  cannot  be  removed.  By  the  use  of  wrought-iron, 
however,  these  difiiculties  are  obviated.  With  half  the  weight,  the  latter  material  endures  severer  usage,  yields 
to  sudden  concessions  without  being  fractured,  admits  of  alterations,  and  possesses  the  properties  of  lightness,  strength 
and  ornament.  The  time  sjrent  in  the  examination  of  these  patterns,  their  uses  and  prices,  will  not  be  lost  to  those 
purposing  to  build,  either  in  town  or  country. 


n 


No.  19- -AREA  RAILING. 


This  style  of  railing  is  furnished  at  the  same  prices  as  Nos.  18  and  19,  above,  and  is  peculiarly  adapted  to  the 
purpose  represented  in  the  above  cut.  In  lightness,  grace  and  beauty,  it  possesses  many  advantages  over  the  clumsy 
and  expensive  cast-iron  area  railing  and  gates  heretofore  in  use. 


■M,., 


1-2 


No.  30.-VERANDA. 


/T 


The  true  ornament  of  a properly  appointed  dwelling  is  a handsome  complement  of  Gates  and  Verandas.  A 
country  seat  especially  is  never  complete  without  a well-constructed  and  breezy  Veranda,  where  the  pleasant  summer 
twilights  and  balmy  evenings  steal  quietly  upon  you,  and  the  softest  zephyr  comes  pure  and  fresh,  unimpeded  by  hot 
and  stifling  walls.  The  graceful  and  open  iron  fabric  which  forms  the  only  perfect  Veranda,  is  unapproachable  in 
lightness,  convenience  and  beauty.  It  is  as  far  superior  to  clumsy  wood  as  cultivation  is  to  sterility,  or  civilized  taste 
to  barbarism,  d'he  above  is  an  engraving  of  a very  beautiful  and  recherche  style  of  Veranda.  Any  of  the  other  pat- 
terns of  railing  can  be  used  if  preferred.  The  remarks  previously  made  with  reference  to  the  perfect  adaptedness  of 
wrought-iron  in  the  construction  of  Balconies,  tipply  equally  to  these  conveniences. 


13 


J 


j 


superiority  becomes  immediately  apparent. 


14 


No.  32. 


The  construction  of  Window  Guards,  Gratings,  and  similar  appliances,  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  and  success- 
ful departments  in  the  manufacture  of  woven  iron.  For  these  purposes  this  fabric  combines  many  excellent  qualities. 
It  does  not  obstruct  the  light,  is  an  ornament  wherever  emiDlo3'ed,  and  at  the  same  time  is  sufficiently  strong  for  se- 
curity. Conservatories  cannot  be  adequately  protected  by  other  means  than  an  exterior  wire  netting ; with  this  fix- 
ture they  are  perfectly  secure  from  breakage.  The  ornamental  windows  of  churches  may  be  secured  against  damage 
by  the  use  of  these  wire  guards.  Gratings  for  stores,  dwellings  and  steamers  are  readily  made  of  any  required  size 
of  wire.  S{)ecimens  of  this  style  made  of  half-inch  rods  are  capable  of  resisting  any  degree  of  hard  usage  ; but  the 
smaller  sizes  are  woven  with  greater  facility,  and  are  equally  serviceable  where  great  strength  is  not  required.  They  are 
admirably  calculated  for  protecting  the  windows  of  Lunatic  Asylums,  admitting  air  and  light,  avoiding  all  appearance 
of  a prison  or  place  of  compulsive  confinement,  and  having  upon  the  inmates  a cheerful  instead  of  gloomy  influence, 
and  yet  preventing  damage.  Lighter  styles  will  be  found  useful  for  the  protection  of  hot-air  flues,  for  drains,  sky- 
lights, steps,  door-work,  and  many  purposes  to  which  they  have  only  to  be  experimentally  applied  to  insure  entire 
satisfiiction.  Patterns  Nos.  1,  2,  and  25,  are  peculiarly  fitted  for  these  purposes,  andean  be  put  up  at  the  rate  of  50 
cents  per  square  foot.  Prices  vary  for  different  styles,  from  40  cents  to  $1  per  square  foot. 


No.  32.— Style  of  Entrances  to  Forsyth  Place,  Savannah,  Ga. 


15 


Of  equal  importance  with  Balconies  and  Verandas  to  the  surroundings  of  a tasteful  country  or  city  residence, 
arc  neat  and  effective  Gates.  They  should  not  only  be  light  and  graceful,  but  also  strong  and  durable.  They  should 
both  open  and  tihut  with  equal  case  and  permanence.  These  are  the  characteristics  of  the  preceding  and  following  Pat- 
terns. The  former  has  been  adopted  by  the  authorities  of  Savannah  for  their  Park.  Nothing  superior  has  ever  been 
constructed  to  protect  the  entrance  to  enclosures  of  any  kind.  Prices  for  -Y^iyinch  wire  $7  per  lineal  foot ; f inch  $10. 


No.  33. 


The  above  pattern  differs  slightly  from  the  preceding,  and  is  furnished  at  the  same  prices.  Any  other  desired 
pattern  can  be  substituted  for  either.  y\  inch  wire  $7  per  lineal  foot ; | inch  wire  $10. 


No.  34. 


The  above  engraving  is  an  enlarged  view  of  Pattern  No.  16,  showing  the  style  of  posts  most  commonly  used  and 
the  manner  of  securing  the  panels.  They  are  furnished  at  an  extra  charge  of  $2  50  each,  for  3y  feet  railing,  $•!  for 
4 feet  do.,  $7  for  5 feet  6 in.  do.,  and  $8  for  6 feet  do.  They  are  only  necessary  at  the  corners  of  the  enclosure 
and  each  side  of  the  gates. 


16 


No.  35. 


Hailing  of  all  the  foregoing  patterns  can  be  so  constructed  as  to  entirely  exclude  the  use  of  posts,  except  what 
the  panels  form  by  bolting  together,  which  is  the  cheapest  form  of  putting  up. 


MIIVERS’  COAL.  AAD  ORE  SCREENS, 

The  wear  and  tear  of  cast-iron  when  used  for  screening  Ore  or  Coal  is  too  well  known  to  require  comment.  The 
remarkable  extensile  power  of  wrought-iron — eighteen  tons  per  square  inch,  or  nearly  treble  that  of  cast-iron — ad- 
mirably fits  it  for  the  screening  of  heavy  masses  of  Coal  or  Ore,  the  wires  bending  and  shaping  themselves  anew  un- 
der the  most  sudden  concussions,  without  any  disturbance  of  the  meshes  of  the  screen.  Besides  this  great  power  of 
resisting  extension,  it  is  ascertained  by  conclusive  experiment  that  Wrought-Iron  will  wear  for  a longer  period  under 
these  circumstances  than  Cast-Iron.  There  is  a total  absence  of  the  cutting  and  rasping  which  so  soon  proves  destruc- 
tive to  the  old  ])atterns. 

Ore-screens  of  wrought-iron  have  been  made  of  the  length  of  twenty-five  feet,  and  even  more,  and  have  worked 
admirably  ; ])roving  an  additional  saving  in  cost  and  bulk.  They  are  now  used  for  the  screening  of  Anthracite  Coal 
throughout  the  Coal  region  of  Pennsylvania,  and  have  been  productive  of  substantial  profit  and  economy.  They  are 
also  in  use  in  all  the  principal  coal  yards  of  Boston,  New  York  and  Philadelphia.  The  process  of  their  manufacture 
is  similar  to  that  of  the  Bailing,  the  wires  being  made  of  any  desired  size,  from  in.  to  1 in.  in  diameter;  shaped, 
crimj)ed  and  interwoven  in  a very  secure  and  expeditious  manner.  For  parties  engaged  in  mining  operations  in  any 
part  of  the  country,  or  in  foreign  countries,  there  is  nothing  so  well  adapted  ; while  they  are  comparatively  light  and 
easy  of  transportation. 


17 


No."  24. 


No.  24. 


No.  24 — 1 Wire,  witli  or  without  piquets,  3 feet  4 inches  hidi S2  00 

No.  24— “ “ “ “ “ 1 75 

The  above  design  encloses  the  galleries  of  the 

RBNOWMED  CRYSTAL  PALACE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

The  standard  or  centre  posts,  represented  above,  price  $4  each.  It  is  suitable  for  any  of  the  enclosed  designs 
that  are  3 feet  4 inches  high. 

No.  25.  No.  26. 


PRICES  PER  LINEAL  FOOT. 


No.  25 — I Wire,  24  inches  high,  oval  bar  on  top ; $1  75 

No.  25— “ “ “ “ • 1 50 

No.  26— Fe  “ “ “ “ 2 00 


In  these  styles  the  meshes  are  woven  closely,  being  but  2i  inches  between  the  interstices.  They  are  admirably 
adapted  to  Banks,  for  counter-railing.  Many  of  our  principal  Banks  are  now  using  these  beautiful  designs. 

No.  25  is  particularly  suited  for  window-guards  and  gratings,  where  security  and  neatness  is  desired.  It  can  be 
made  to  fill  into  any  size  space.  Price  50  ce?its  per  square  foot.  For  conservatories,  dwellings,  stores,  banks,  &c.,  it 
cannot  be  surpassed. 

No.  27.  No.  28. 


18 


PRICES  PER  LINEAL  FOOT. 

No.  27 — } inch  "Wire,  with  piquets,  3 feet  4 inches  high $1  50 

No.  27— “ “ “ “ “ - 1 75 

No.  27— I “ “ “ “ “ 2 00 

No.  28— f “ “ “ “ “ 1 50 

The  above  designs  are  adapted  to  places  where  a heavy  fence,  in  appearance,  is  needed._^IIandsome  patterns  for 
cemetery  purposes.  * 


CAST  AND  WR0U6HT-IR0N  RAILINGS. 

The  constant  and  increasing  demand  for  Railings  for  various  purposes  has  induced  the  manufacturer  to  extend 
his  business  into  this  branch,  which  enables  him  to  suit  all  classes  and  different  forms  of  architecture,  from  the  light- 
est to  the  most  massive  designs,  embracing  every  pattern  now  manufactured  in  this  city. 

Particular  attention  is  paid  to  the  manufacture  of  Entrance  Gates,  for  country  villas,  public  grounds,  &c. ; 
among  which  will  be  found,  the  heavy  and  massive  gates  at  the  Crystal  Palace — each  measures  horizontally  66  feet 
— the  largest  gateways  in  the  United  States;  also,  the  gateways  of  the  Augusta  and  Waynesboro’  Railroad  Co.,  Ga., 
which  measure  in  len^h  44  feet. 

The  following  are  a few  of  the  cast  and  wrought-iron  designs  of  Railing  for  various  purposes: 


No.  100. 


The  above  design  is  made  of  wrought  and  cast-iron,  and  surrounds  the  outside  of  the  Crystal  Palace,  $7  per  foot* 
Price  for  Lamp  Posts,  as  above,  $25  each. 


19 


No.  37.  No.  102.-$1  37. 


20 


No.  107.-$2  00.  No.  10S.-82  CC. 


21 


No.  115.-$2  00. 


No.  116.— $2  00. 


22 


RAILROAD  AND  FARM  FENCES, 

Patented  July  1851,  and  March  9th,  1852, 

BY 

JOHN  B . W I C K E R S H A M . 


The  most  simple  form  of  the  manufacture  of  iron  is  its  application  to  Farm  Fences.  The  era  of  crazy  posts  and 
rickety  tottering  rails  is  passing  away  with  advancement  of  the  useful  arts.  Not  to  speak  of  the  vast  amount  of 
valuable  timber  employed,  or  rather  wasted,  in  the  construction  of  the  old-fashioned  “worm  fence,”  the  homestead  is 
made  awkward  and  unsightly  by  its  use.  The  advantages  accruing  from  the  use  of  the  Wire  Fence  will  cause  it 
speedily  to  take  the  place  of  all  other  material,  combining,  as  it  does  in  an  eminent  degree,  the  properties  of  strength, 
lightness,  portability  and  beauty — the  view  of  the  landscape  being  at  the  same  time  entirely  unobstructed. 

The  fences  are  made  with  horizontal  wires  tightened  by  means  of  an  effective  arrangement,  so  that  the  whole 
tension  of  the  rod  is  obtained.  The  posts  are  furnished  with  contrivances  of  different  patterns  for  security  in  the 
ground.  The  size  of  the  rods  varies  in  accordance  with  the  wishes  of  the  purchaser,  or  the  uses  for  which  the  fence 
is  designed.  No  ordinary  domestic  animal  will  break  through  fences  of  considerably  less  than  i inch  wrought  wire, 
while  still  larger  sizes  may  be  used  with  the  same  facility  if  required.  In  the  partial  and  hitherto  unsuccessful  appli- 
cation of  Wire  Fences  to  farm  purposes,  a great  defect  has  been  the  want  of  competent  manufacturers,  and  the  loss  of 
resistance  occasioned  by  a lax  tension  of  the  wires.  These  difficulties  have  now  disappeared,  and  iron  Fences  bid  fair 
to  be  the  future  boundaries  of  every  domain. 

The  explanation  of  the  cuts  is  an  extract  from  the  specifications  whereon  the  patent  was  granted.  A short  ex- 
amination only  is  necessary  to  perceive  its  simplicity  and  adaptedness  to  the  required  purposes.  The  posts  are  simply 
driven  into  the  ground. 


The  accompanying  engraving  is  a perspective  view,  fig.  1 : and  a vertical  .section  through  one  post,  fig.  2,  of 
the  Patent  Wire  Fence,  'fhe  same  letters  refer  to  like  parts.  A represents  the  posts,  which  may  be  fiat  bar  iron, 
having  in  them  any  suitable  number  of  T shaped  mortises,  and  which  may  have  either  end  of  the  mortises  up  ; or 
the  mortises  may  be  sc^uarc  or  oblong,  as  seen  at  B.  fifiic  rails,  C,  may  be  made  of  round,  flat,  or  any  other  shaped 


bars  or  rods,  either  in  whole  or  in  part.  Said  rails  have  loops  turned  upon  both  of  their  ends  ; and  when  they  arc  to 
be  inserted  in  the  post  hole,  B,  they  are  to  be  slipped  through  the  hole  far  enough  to  escape  the  turned  end  of  the 
looj),  and  then  turned  half  round  and  drawn  back,  which  will  bring  them  to  the  position  shown  in  fig.  1,  in  which 
position  they  cannot  be  turned  to  draw  them  out;  the  loops  fill  up  the  entire  spaee,  one  resting  upon  the  other,  and 
the  shoulder  in  the  mortise  will  not  admit  of  their  being  raised.  The  rails  cannot  be  withdrawn  until  slipped  back, 
and  then  turned  half  round.  To  prevent  this  being  done,  the  loop  is  bent  out  on  both  sides  of  the  jjosts,  as  seen  at 
tig.  2,  and  the  rail  then  cannot  be  drawn  out  on  either  side.  By  this  means  a rigid  and  strong  fence  is  made  with  few 
pieces,  little  labor,  and  at  a low  price  ; only  single  posts  are  used,  and  no  keys,  bolts,  or  wedges,  are  required — the 
mortises  and  loops  are  substitutes  for  the  keys  and  ties  in  other  wire  fences. 

At  suitable  distances  on  a line  of  fence,  say  at  about  every  one  hundred  yards,  more  or  less,  there  are  placed 
screw  buckles,  E,  for  letting  out  and  screwing  up  the  fence,  to  compensate  for  the  expansion  and  contraction  of  the 
metal,  if  necessary  ; but  in  practice  it  has  been  found  that  the  elasticity  of  the  loops,  upon  which  the  horizontal  strain 
is  exerted,  is  nearly  quite  sufficient  for  such  expansion  or  contraction.  The  screw  buckles  are  of  more  essential  ser- 
vice in  putting  up  the  fence  and  equalizing  the  strain  upon  the  posts  when  put  up. 

The  posts,  rails,  &c.,  are  all  prepared  by  machinery,  and  may  be  made  of  any  size,  shape,  and  material,  packed 
up  into  fagots  for  easy  handling  and  transportation,  and  can  be  set  up  by  any  person  who  has  the  least  skill  in  fence 
making.  The  posts  are  usually  set  about  16  inches  into  the  ground,  and  made  tight  in  their  jdaces  by  ramming  grav- 
el or  stone  alongside.  The  improvement  is  certainly  a most  excellent  one  in  wire  fences,  one  that  offers  superior  ad- 
vantages to  any  other.  For  farmers  it  is  certainly  an  important  improvement.  The  wire  used  for  the  rails  is  a quar- 
ter of  an  inch  in  diameter — smaller  is  not  recommended,  as  cattle  are  not  liable  to  notice  a smaller  size.  The  posts 
are  planted  about  12  feet  apart,  and  the  height  is  about  4^  feet. 

The  following  cut  exhibits  the  natural  size  of  the  wires  most  commonly  used  in  farm  fences,  and  the  manner  in 
w'hich  they  pass  through  and  support  the  posts,  and  are  supported  by  it : 


The  advantages  and  peculiarities  of  this  style  of  fence  are  : — 

1st.  The  rails  are  formed  in  such  a manner  that  by  simply  passing  them  through  slots  in  the  post,  it  is  impossi- 
ble to  remove  them,  and  this  without  the  use  of  bolts,  wedges,  screws,  or  any  other  fastening. 

2d.  It  is  manufactured  and  ready  for  use  before  shipment.  It  is  much  more  easily  put  up  than  any  other  fence, 
as  the  necessity  of  digging  post-holes  is  almost  entirely  obviated ; simply  driving  the  posts  into  the  ground,  or  mak- 
ing a hole  with  an  iron  bar,  being  sufficient  security. 

3d.  The  rails  being  made  straight  and  the  coil  taken  out,  if  one  breaks  it  is  easily  replaced,  and  does  not  recoil 
into  its  former  shape,  thereby  endangering  the  limbs  of  domestic  animals  that  might  get  entangled  in  its  folds,  as  in 
other  varieties. 

4th.  The  rails  do  not  depend  upon  the  post  for  support,  but  receive  and  resist  the  strain  upon  them  ; hence,  if 
any  posts  should  break  the  fence  remains  good. 

Manner  of  Putting  up  this  Fence. — It  is  absolutely  necessary  that  the  straining  pillar,  or  starting  post,  of 
wood  or  iron,  at  the  extreme  ends  of  the  fence,  should  be  perfectly  firm,  as  the  wires  cannot  otherwise  be  made  tight. 
Commencing  from  a tree  is  recommended,  if  possible.  Plant  the  posts  12  feet  apart,  hook  in  the  rails,  and  at  the  dis- 
tance of  150  feet  place  a screw  on  each  wire.  Place  the  next  set  of  screws  at  the  distance  of  300  feet,  and  so  continue. 

The  wire  used  is  one-fourth  inch  in  diameter.  The  posts  are  formed  of  one  piece  1^  by  | inch.  Height  of  fence 
4d  feet. 


24 


No.  26. 


The  above  engraving  shows  the  Farm  Fence  with  wooden  posts.  The  eyes  upon  the  end  of  the  rail,  which  with 
iron  posts  arc  merely  passed  through  the  mortise  or  slot,  are  here  bolted  to  the  post. 


PEICES  PER  ROD. 

5 Rail  Fence  4^  feet  high,  with  screws,  exclusive  of  posts  . 

'J’  U <<  (t  <l  (I 

Each  additional  wire  20  cents  per  rod. 


$1  33 
1 77 


No.  28.— With  Iron  Posts. 


PRICES  PER  ROD. 


For  Cattle  and  Horses,  3 Wires,  with  Iron  Posts  and  Screws $1  66 

“ “ “ 4 “ “ “ “ 1 84 

c (c  (1  g It  (c  (t  It  2 00 

“ Hogs,  Sheep,  &c.,  7 “ “ “ “ 2 40 

“ Turkeys,  Geese,  &c., 10  “ “ “ “ 3 00 

Each  additional  wire  20  cents  per  rod. 


No.  27. 


Tlic  above  is  a pattern  made  of  flat  rails,  which  might  be  preferred  by  some.  It  can  be  furnished  at  nearly  as 
low  prices  as  the  round  rail. 


IRON  STRAINING  PILLARS. 

Iron  Straining  Posts,  needed  only  for  the  commencement,  corners  and  ending  of  the  fence  . . $5  each. 


25 


No.  29. 


The  above  is  the  style  of  English  Hurdle  Fence,  which  is  firm  and  substantial,  and  at  the  same  time  easily  taken 
up  and  transported  to  other  enclosures.  Price  40  and  50  cents  per  lineal  foot. 


No.  24. 


No.  25, 


Above  are  represented  the  single  and  double  Gates  accompanying  the  above  styles  of  Fence.  Their  hangings 
and  fastenings  are  perfect  in  every  respect.  Prices,  for  single,  $6  ; for  double,  $15. 

4 


2R 


ADAPTED  FOR  THE  USE  OF  RAILROADS,  FARMS,  PRAIRIE  LANDS  AND  LAWNS;  ENCLOSURES 
FOR  IIENERIES;  TRELLIS  FOR  GRAPE-VINES,  ARBORS  AND  ARCHES;  PROTECTION 
FOR  WINDOWS  OF  CHURCHES,  MILLS  AND  WORKSHOPS. 

WIRE  FENCES  AND  THEIR  UTILITY. 

Some  years  have  elapsed  since  fences  began  to  be  constructed  of  iron.  Continual  use  in  England,  France  and 
the  United  States  has  established  the  fact,  that  they  are  altogether  superior  to  any  other  style : and  hence  their  em- 
ployment has  become  a matter  of  general  interest.  Their  durability  has  been  placed  beyond  question  by  frequent 
and  repeated  experiments,  while  their  cheapness  and  efficiency  are  no  longer  matters  of  mere  experiment,  but  ac- 
knowledged fixcIS 

Wire  fences,  necessarily  firm  and  durable,  as  a consequence  of  the  material  ot  w'hich  they  are  constructed,  are 
now  manufactured  at  a trifling  cost.  Theoretical  agriculturists  have  devoted  much  time  to  disputes  in  relation  to  fen- 
ces. They  have  tried  stone  walls,  hedges,  the  rickety  post-and-rail  fence,  “ worm-fences,”  and  man}’-  kinds  which 
now  have  scarcely  a memory  left,  and  none  of  these  have  been  entirely  successful.  The  grand  requisites  of  an  effec- 
tive and  economical  fence  are  strength,  lightness,  durability,  portability  and  cheapness.  In  very  few  of  these  particu- 
lars have  any  of  the  old  varieties  been  found  perfect.  Deficient  in  some  one  important  point,  they  have  soon  become 
deficient  in  all,  and  hence,  as  a natural  consequence,  few  or  none  of  them  have  become  generally  popular.  In  view 
of  the  repeated  failures  of  inventive  genius  to  produce  a suitable  fence  for  farm  purposes,  certain  parties  essayed  to 
put  forward  a style  of  enclosure  which,  formed  wholly  of  iron  wire,  would  be  made  with  readiness  to  meet  at  least 
the  f>llowing  requirements  : 1,  Lightness;  2,  Strength  ; 3,  Portability  ; 4,  Durability.  It  is  believed  that  these  deside- 
rata have  been  attained  at  the  present  time.  Wire  fences  are  found  to  meet  demands  that  were  previously  unsupplied, 
and  in  England,  as  in  this  country,  their  use  thus  far  has  been  attended  with  success. 

Wire  fences  possess  advantages  over  others,  in  that,  they  disfigure  no  landscape,  obstruct  no  lawn;  and  that  they 
enhance,  rather  than  destroy,  the  symmetry  and  beauty  of  ornamental  grounds.  Needing  few  or  no  repairs,  pulling 
heavily  upon  no  man’s  purse,  and  susceptible  of  receiving  the  most  tasteful  forms,  the  wire  fence  may  justly  be  voted 
a good  thing. 

The  entire  fence  is  so  made  that  it  may  be  rolled  up  like  a cariDct,  when  1600  square  feet  of  surface  may  be  con- 
tained in  30  cubic  feet  of  space. 

This  fencing  is  impassable  to  all  kinds  of  stock,  it  does  not  “ hold”  the  wind,  and  can  never  be  blown  down  in  a 
gale  or  washed  away  by  a flood,  as  it  offers  so  slight  a resistance  to  the  wind  and  the  current.  Fire  cannot  burn 
it  down,  when  the  posts  are  of  iron.  In  fact,  it  is  a wind,  water,  and  fire-proof  fence. 


PRICES  FOR  WIRE  NETTINGS. 


No.  1 — 3 ft.  9 in. 

high. 

3 in. 

mesh 

4 lateral  wires 

No.  10,  body  wire 

No.  14,  weight,  10  lbs.  per  rod. 

161  ft.  $2  25 

No.  2—3  ft.  “ 

U 

3 in. 

(( 

2 

(C 

11 

11 

11 

11  9 11 

11 

“ ■ 2 00 

No.  3—2  ft.  “ 

(( 

3 in. 

(( 

3 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11  7i  11 

• 4 

11 

“ 1 75 

No.  4—2  ft.  “ 

u 

3 in. 

u 

2 

11 

11 

11 

1 1 

“ 6f  “ 

11 

“ 1 50 

No.  5 — 1 ft.  4 

(( 

3 in. 

(( 

2 

11 

“ 12, 

11 

11 

i<  4.1  t( 

”4 

11 

“ 1 00 

No.  6—3  ft.  9 

(( 

6 in. 

(C 

4 

11 

11 

11 

“ 12, 

“ 10  lbs.“ 

11 

“ 1 50 

No.  7—3  ft.  “ 

u 

6 in. 

u 

2 

11 

11 

11 

11 

“ 8 lbs.  “ 

11 

“ 1 25 

No.  8—2  ft. 

“ 1 

iin. 

Cl 

2 

(1 

“ 1-i, 

11 

“ 18, 

11 

“ 2 50 

Nos.  1,  2,  3,  and  4 for  Fences,  are  admirably  adapted,  proof  against  sheep,  hogs  and  dogs,  and  more  especially 
serviceable  against  ehickens ; the  long  sought  for  desideratum  in  protecting  Poidtry  Yards^  gardens,  and  the  like. 

No.  5 — Is  used  for  all  kinds  of  Trellis-work,  as  well  as  for  low  fences,  and  surmounting  fences. 

Nos.  6 and  7. — The  most  practical  barriers  against  cattle,  horses,  sheep,  &c.  Emphatically,  a RAILROAD  and 
PRAIRIE  FENCE. 

No.  8 — Nettings  for  window  protection,  used  in  church  windows,  and  mills,  factories,  and  workshop  windows. 


27 


'^riie  following  illuplrntions  oxjilaiii  the  manner  of  putting  np  the  NPlTTlNfiS. 


No.  401, 


No.  402. 


WIRE  NETTING  WITH  IRON  POSTS  AND  STONE  BLOCKS. 


When  iron  uprights  are  used  to  support  the  nettings,  they  are  fastened  into  stone  blocks  with  brimstone;  when 
wooden  blocks  are  used,  the  posts  are  driven  into  cuts  or  holes  prepared  in  top  of  the  blocks. 


No.  403. 


WIRE  NETTING  WITn  WOODEN  POSTS. 


Small  staples  are  used  in  fastening  the  nettings  to  wooden  posts. 


28 


Xo.  404. 


'SK'TS-sti^^siNffSt 


WIRX  NETTING  WITH  WOODEN  POSTS,  AND  THE  KAILS  BOTTOM  AND  TOP  OF  WOOD. 


No.  405. 


Small  staples  are  used  in  attaching  the  netting  to  the  rails  and  posts. 


No.  406. 


. 50  cts.  each. 

. 621  “ “ 
$1  25  per  gross. 


Flat  iron  posts  at  . 
Angle  iron  posts  at 
Staples  at ...  . 


29 


IRON  BEDSTEADS. 


I^fankind  not  only  love  good  living  and  the  refinements  of  civilized  society,  but  also  the  luxuries  of  repose. 
Nothing  makes  one  in  a better  humor  with  himself  and  “ the  rest  of  mankind”  than  a comfortable  bed  and  refresh- 
ing sleep — to  obtain  which,  the  bedstead  is  an  indispensable  requisite.  The  soldier  may  live  through  his  campaigns, 
slee})ing  on  the  ground,  or  on  a “soft  plank”  that  oflers  its  scanty  accommodations  for  his  acceptance;  the  prisoner 
in  his  cell  feels  thankful  for  his  pallet  of  straw,  and  the  rover  is  contented  with  his  blanket ; yet  it  is  not  probable 
that  either  would  select  these  modes  in  preference  to  the  comforts  of  more  refined  life.  From  the  earliest  periods 
men  have  bestowed  much  attention  on  the  appliances  of  the  couch  and  the  bed-chamber.  We  read  of  bedsteads 
among  the  rich  Greeks  and  Eomans  “ made  of  ivory,  ebony,  and  rich  woods,  with  inlaid  work,  and  figures  in  relief.” 
Among  the  Greeks,  there  were  artisans  who  excelled  in  making  brazen  feet  for  bedsteads,  chairs,  &c.  In  ancient 
Egypt  bedsteads  were  enclosed  in  mosquito-nets,  supported  by  wooden  posts.  The  Komans  made  their  bedsteads  of 
silver,  of  gold  with  onyx  feet,  and  of  iron.  One  of  the  latter  was  found  in  Pompeii. 

The  base  and  precious  metals  have  thus  entered  largely  into  the  household  fabrics  of  ancient  and  modern  nations. 
In  the  present  age,  iron  has  been  applied  to  manifold  uses  where  it  was  never  before  thought  of,  and  not  the  least 
among  these  is  the  IRON  BEDSTEAD.  We  have  before  in  these  pages  spoken  of  applications  of  iron  to  other  im- 
portant purposes,  but  their  importance  does  not  throw  into  the  shade  our  present  subject.  The  ease  and  pliancy  of 
these  bedsteads,  their  great  portability,  cleanliness,  and  undoubted  solidity,  commend  them  to  universal  favor,  creat- 
ing for  them  an  immense  demand.  Many  persons  who  have  heretofore  preferred  the  old-fashioned,  clumsy,  and  in- 
convenient styles,  from  a mistaken  notion  that  an  Iron  Bedstead  must  necessarily  be  awkward  and  unsightly,  have 
found  their  error  refuted  by  an  exauaination  of  the  handsome  styles  of  workmanship  illustrated  by  the  plates  below. 
The  subject  is  commended  to  the  attention  of  housekeepers  and  others  who  would  make  a desirable  addition  to  their 
summer  comforts. 

These  Bedsteads  are  manufactured  on  an  entirely  new  plan,  being  constructed  with  joints  so  as  to  fold  up  into 
a very  small  compass.  They  possess  one  recommendation  which  should  outweigh  all  others, — they  are  entirely  free 
from  the  insect  annoyances  peculiar  to  the  wooden  variety,  insuring  pleasant  slumbers  in  the  sultry  nights  of  summer. 
Their  highly  ornamental  appearance  and  the  small  space  they  occupy  render  them  superior  to  everything  heretofore 
manufactured. 

No.  35.— Bedstead  Open.  No.  35.— Bedstead  Shut. 


The  above  cuts  represent  the  Bedstead  open  and  shut.  Prices — For  | size,  $7  ; f , $8  ; |,  $9.  Ihese  patterns 
are  bronzed  or  tipped  with  gold. 

No.  36.— HOSPITAL  AND  SERVANTS’  BEDSTEAD- 


The  above  cut  represents  a cheaper  and  plainer  variety,  excellently  adapted  for  the  use  of  Ilospitals,  ServantSj 
Prices — For  f size,  $5  ; $8  ; j,  $7. 


30 


No.  37.  CAST-IRON  BEDSTEADS.  No.  38. 


Prices— $25  to  $45.  Prices— $9  to  $25. 

Above  are  specimens  of  Cast-Iron  Bedsteads,  which,  although  not  so  light  and  portable  as  the  wrought  varieties 
are  far  preferable  to  wood,  in  consequence  of  their  durability,  cleanliness  and  beauty.  They  can  be  purchased  of 
aiiy  pattern,  French  or  American  and  of  any  color— oak,  mahogany,  rosewood,  plain  or  ornamented,  bronzed,  China 
\\  bite,  or  gilt , of  any  sizes,  four-fouitbs,  three-fourtbs,  or  single;  for  private  family,  hotel,  hospital,  or  servants’  uses. 


No.  39. 


Cast-Iron  Bedstead — Price  for  § size,  $18. 


No.  40. 


Folding  Crib — Price  $10. 


No.  41. 


No.  42. 


Swinging  Crib — Price  $6  to  $15.  The  Union  Bedstead,  admirably  adapted  to  Dwellings  and  Hotels. 

Price  for  2-4,  $12  ; 3-4,  $15  ; 4-4,  $20. 


Iron  Bedsteads  arc  designated  in  size  by  2-4,  which  embraces  widths  from  2 ft.  G in.  to  3 ft. 

3- 4,  “ “ “ from  3 ft.  G in.  to  4 ft. 

4- 4,  “ “ “ from  4 ft.  G in.  to  5 ft. 


31 


A new  article  lately  introduced  into  this  country  from  France.  It  is  admirably  adapted  for  Lawns,  Summer 
Houses,  Cottages,  Piazzas,  &c.,  &;c.  This  style  of  Furniture  is  exceedingly  light  and  unique  in  appearance.  Among 
the  articles  manufactured  will  be  found  Folding,  Hall  and  Office  Chairs,  Rocking  and  Arm  Chairs,  Tables,  Settees, 
hire  Fenders,  &,c.,  &c.  A few  of  the  designs  are  here  represented.  Particular  attention  is  called  to  this  branch  from 
the  trade. 


No.  200. 


Folding  or  Travelling  Chair. 
Price  $4  50. 


No.  200. 


Folding  Chair,  closed. 


No.  201. 


Rocking  Chair — Price  $10. 


No.  202. 


Arm  Chair — $8. 


No.  203. 


No.  204. 


Cottage  Chair — Price  $5. 


No.  205. 


32 


FOR  GARDENS,  CEMETERY  ENCLOSURES,  LAWNS,  PIAZZAS,  HALL  CHAIRS,  ETC.,  ETC. 


No.  300. 


Rustic  Settee — Price  $8  and  $9. 

No.  302. 


No.  303. 


No.  301. 


Grape  Settee — Price  $8  and  $10. 

No.  304. 


No.  305.  No.  306. 


Grape  Chair — $5.  Folding  or  Stationary  Settee,  for  Piazzas,  Lawns,  &o. — $10  to  $15. 


Hall  Chair — Priee  $4  50. 

No.  306. 


Morning  Glory  Chairs — $6. 


33 


No.  307. 


Iron  Wash  stand, 
with  Glass,  including  Crockery. 
Price  ^7. 


No.  309. 


Fountain — Price  $40. 


No.  310. 


No.  308. 


No.  311. 

New 


riorsc  Posts, 
J’ricc  $6. 


No.  312. 


Lions— $75  per  pair. 


No.  313. 


Hounds— $20  to  $40  per  pair. 


No.  314. 


Towel  Stand— $1  50  each. 


CAST-IRON  FRONTS  AND 


IRON-WORK, 


FOR  BUILDINGS,  CAPS,  LINTELS,  CORNICE,  TRUSS  GIRDERS,  COLUMNS  AND  BRACKETS. 


WKOUGIIT-IRON  DOORS,  SHUTTERS,  AND  ALL  WROUGHT  AND  CAST  IRON  WORK  FOR  BUILDING  PURPOSES. 


Builders,  and  those  designing  to  build,  are  respectfully  invited  to  examine  the  designs  of  Iron  Work  for  Build- 
ings. The  more  ready  adaptation  of  Iron  Work  to  any  style  of  Architecture,  and  its  superiority  in  point  of  strength 
and  cheapness,  have  in  a great  measure  superseded  the  use  of  Brown  Stone. 

The  increasing  demand,  more  particularly  for  AVindow  Lintels  and  Sills,  has  induced.the  manufacturers  to  get 
up  an^additional  number  of  new  patterns,  now  numbering  sixteen  in  all,  of  dilferent  styles,  the  cost  of  which  be- 
ing about 

ONE-THIRD  THE  PRICE  OF  BROWN  STONE, 

cut  in  the  same  manner. 


No.  500. 


No.  539. 


■6fy 


No.  534. 


No.  533. 


No.  506 


No.  508. 


No.  528. 


No.  531. 


No.  540. 


No.  537. 


39 


Dolphin  Lcadei'.  Plain  Fluted  Gutter  Leader. 


40 


No.  514.  No.  516. 


HOWL  AMD 

No.  515. 


No.  518. 

IONIC  CAPITALS. 


CoKKKOio  Capitals,  square,  made  for  St.  Charles  Hotel,  N.  0.  No,  519.  No.  520. 


41 


PRICES  OF  CAPITALS. 


CORINTHIAN.  TOWER  OF  WIND.  IONIC. 


-8 

inch,  at  neck, 

$8 

00 

No.  517.- 

—6  inch. 

at  neck, 

$3 

00 

No.  518. 

—8  inch. 

at  neck, 

.^4 

50 

10 

U 

12 

00 

( ( 

8 

a 

4 

00 

U 

10 

6 

50 

12 

U 

16 

00 

(( 

10 

5 

50 

U 

12 

8 

50 

U 

ii 

23 

00 

U 

12 

u 

7 

50 

(( 

14 

U 

10 

50 

16 

u 

30 

00 

U 

14 

<( 

10 

50 

C( 

24 

i ( 

25 

00 

18 

ii 

45 

00 

U 

27 

(( 

35 

00 

(( 

27 

u 

35 

00 

20 

u 

65 

00 

(( 

32 

n 

50 

00 

24 

(( 

100 

00 

U 

42 

li 

125 

00 

PRICES 

or 

i.lNTEL8  AJ\D  $11X8 

• 

No.  507.-3 

ft. 

2 

in.  opening, 

$12 

50 

No.  523.-3 

ft. 

6 

in. 

opening, 

$8  00 

“ 3 

(( 

6 

ti  It 

13 

00 

“ 3 

II 

74 

IE 

it 

8 25 

P-  CO 

(( 

(( 

8 

It  It 

u u 

13 

13 

25 

75 

No.  509.-3 

ft. 

7 

in. 

opening, 

$5  12 

“ 3 

II 

8 

II 

II 

5 25 

“ 4 

(; 

3 

it  U 

14 

00 

“ 3 

II 

9 

II 

II 

5 50 

“ 4 

(( 

4 

It  u 

14 

25 

4 

u 

10 

It  (I 

15 

00 

No.  524.-3 

ft. 

6 

in. 

opening, 

$8  00 

“ 5 

a 

It  It 

15 

25 

“ 3 

II 

7-i- 

II 

II 

8 25 

“ 5 

u 

2 

It  It 

u 3 

U 

9 

II 

II 

8 50 

No.  521.-3 

ft. 

6 

in,  opening, 

$12 

00 

No.  525.-2 

ft. 

10  in. 

opening, 

$4  50 

“ 3 

a 

8 

(I  It 

13 

25 

“ 3 

II 

It 

4 75 

“ 4 

u 

It  It 

13 

75 

No.  526.-3 

ft. 

2 

in. 

opening,  $12  00 

(1  ^ 

(( 

2 

It  (I 

14 

00 

3 

II 

6 

II 

II 

12  50 

“ 4 

u 

10 

(I  ti 

16 

00 

“ 3 

II 

8 

II 

U 

12  75 

“ 6 

(( 

It 

17 

00 

“ 4 

(I 

II 

13  00 

No.  522.-3 

ft. 

8 

in.  opening, 

$14 

00 

u 4 

It 

3 

II 

II 

14  00 

“ 5 

<( 

It 

16 

00 

a 4 

II 

4 

t( 

II 

14  25 

“ 5 

(t 

6 

It  II 

16 

50 

a 4 

II 

10 

II 

II 

15  00 

“ 6 

(( 

It 

17 

00 

a • 5 

It 

II 

15  25 

No.  506.-3 

ft. 

2 

in.  opening, 

$4 

50 

No.  527.-3 

ft. 

6 

in. 

opening, 

$11  00 

“ 4 

It 

II 

5 

60 

a 4 

II 

II 

11  75 

“ 4 

ti 

3 

II  It 

6 

00 

No.  528.-3 

ft. 

6 

in. 

opening, 

$12  00 

No-  505  -3 

ft. 

in.  opening. 

$4 

26 

No.  529.-3 

ft. 

6 

in. 

opening, 

$13  50 

“ 3 

(I 

2 

II  II 

4 

50 

“ 3 

II 

9 

II 

II 

IS  75 

“ 3 

It 

4 

II  II 

4 

75 

a 4 

II 

II 

14  00 

“ 3 

» 3 

It 

It 

6 

74 

II  II 

It  II 

5 

5 

00 

12 

No.  530.-4 

ft. 

opening, 

$8  50 

“ 3 

(I 

9 

II  II 

5 

25 

No.  531.-3 

ft. 

6 

in. 

opening, 

$14  00 

“ 4 

tc 

II 

5 

60 

“ 3 

II 

9 

II 

(I 

14  25 

u 4 

It 

4 

II  It 

6 

00 

a 4 

II 

■II 

14  60 

Chimney  Tops,  $1  62  per  running  foot.  Sills,  4 ft.  opening  and  under,  $4  each. 

6 


42 


HAIR  MATTRESSES,  FEATHER,  CORN  HUSK  AND  STRAW  BEDS. 


The  constant  and  increasing  demand  for  Ornamental  and  Plain  Iron  Bedsteads  and  their  Furniture.,  has  induced 
an  extension  of  this  branch,  which  has  already  grown  into  a large  and  flourishing  trade.  The  superior  make  of  these 
[fair  Mattresses  and  Beds  are  their  principal  recommendation.  Orders  filled  for  Steamships,  Vessels,  Hotels,  Private 
Residences,  Asylums,  Hospitals,  &c.,  &c.,  with  promptness,  and  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 


Centripetal  Spring  Chairs. 

The  most  agreeable,  easy  and  luxurious  Chair  extant,  suitable  for  the  Parlor,  Chamber,  and  Office. 

Prices  varying  from  $7  to  $50  each. 


A large  and  extensive  variety  of  Patterns, 


No.  1.  No.  2.  No.  3.  No.  4. 


48 


The  following  Articles,  some  of  which  are  previously  enumerated, 
manufactured  and  furnished  at  the  lowest  rates. 


ORNA^fENTAL  AND  INjAIN  IRON  RAILINGS — Made  of  every  design,  inanul'actured  either  of ’Wrought 
Ikon,  Wirk,  or  Cast  Iron,  for  Puiiuc  and  Private  Grounds,  Dwedungs,  Public  Buildings,  Areas,  and 
Stools,  &c.,  Nc. 

IRON  WINDOW  GUARDS — For  Public  Buildings,  Uospitals,  Lunatic  Asylums,  1’rivate  Houses,  Base- 
ment Windows,  &o.,  &c. 

IRON  GRATINGS  AND  RAILINGS — For  Banks,  Stores,  and  Offices. 

IRON  GATES — Of  every  style  and  design,  from  the  most  ornamental,  for  Public  Parks,  Churches,  &c.,  to  the 
plainest  pattern  of  Field  or  Farm  Gates. 

WIRE  FENCES- AVarrauted  to  resist  Cattle,  Sheep  and  Hogs,  for  Railroads,  Farms,  Lawns,  &c. 

WORE  FENCE — Made  on  the  plan  of  Wiekersham’s  patent,  cannot  burn  or  float.  Countries  subjected  to  fire  and 
inundations,  and  a scarcity  of  timber,  this  fence  is  invaluable. 

FLAT  RAIL  COTTAGE  FENCE. — A very  graceful  and  substantial  Fence;  an  article  long  been  sought  lor,  combin- 
ing neatness  with  economy. 

IRON  BEDSTEADS — For  Dwellings,  Hospitals,  Asylums,  Prisons,  &c.  A large  assortment.  Competition  is 
defied  in  the  manufacture  of  Bedsteads.  This  establishment  manufactures  more  Bedsteads  of  Iron  than  all  the 
other  maunfacturers  in  the  city  combined. 

HAIR  iMATTRESSES— Of  a superior  make,  for  Private  Families,  Hotels,  Vessels,  Asylums,  &c.,  &c.  Also, 
Corn  Husk,  Feather  and  Straw  Beds.  The  increasing  demand  for  Bedsteads  has  induced  the  manufac- 
turers to  enter  more  largely  into  the  manufacture  of  these  indispensable  comforts. 

FRENCH  WIRE  FURNITURE — Only  needs  to  be  seen  to  bring  it  into  general  use.  W^shstands,  Tables, 
Chairs,  Settees,  &c. 

CAST-IRON  FURNITURE — Chairs,  Settees,  Tables,  Blower  Stands,  Shovel  and  Tongs  Stands,  Spittoons, 
Umbrella  Stands,  Hat  Trees,  Door  Scrapers,  Tables,  Table  Pedestals,  &c.,  &c. 

WIRE  NURSERY  FENDERS— Of  all  sizes. 

WIRE  NETTINGS — For  Fences;  also,  Sheep  and  Poultry  proof  Nettings,  of  various  widths  and  lengths. 

GARDEN  WIRE  WORK— Arbors,  Arches,  Trellis  for  Grape  Vines,  Runners  for  Training  Plants  and 
Flowers. 

CAGES — Of  the  newest  patterns. 

COAL  AND  IRON  ORE  SCREENS— Used  for  screening  Coal,  Sand,  Lime,  Iron,  Copper  and  Zinc  Ores. 

CAST-IRON  FRONTS— For  Stores,  Public  and  Private  Buildings,  Cornice,  Lintels,  Caps,  Columns,  Spouts, 
Sills,  Girders,  &,c  , &c. 

HORSE  POSTS — Of  new  and  appropriate  designs. 

WROUGHT-IRON  DOORS,  SHUTTERS,  GRATINGS  AND  RAILINGS— In  fact,  all  Wrought  and  Cast-Iron 
AVork  in  the  belbre-mentioncd  branches. 


44 


A few  of  the  Places  and  Persons  for  whom  the  various  Articles  manufactured 

have  been  furnished. 

THE  MASSIVE  HAILING,  enclosing  the  outside  of  the  far-famed  Crystal  Palace,  at  New  York,  including  Gate- 
ways, Posts,  Foundation  Gradings,  &c. 

THE  INSIDE  RAILINGS,  made  from  a beautiful  design  of  Wire  Railing,  enclosing  the  galleries  of  the  Crystal 
Palace,  together  with  the  Dome,  Stairs,  Newels,  Standards,  Stair,  and  Platform  Railings.  Also,  the 
Balcony  Raii.ings  for  the  same  building,  manufactured  and  put  up  by  the  Proprietor. 

FORSYTH  PLACE. — A Public  Park,  containing  upwards  of  10  acres.  Also,  Churches,  Public  Buildings, 
Private  Residences,  and  Cemetery,  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  furnished  with  Iron  Railings. 

AIKIN  SQUARE,  FLYNN’S  CHURCH,  CIRCULAR  CHURCH,  and  many  of  the  most  prominent  buildinsfs  in 
Charlc.ston,  S.  C.,  furnished  with  Iron  Railings  outside.  Gallery  Railings  inside,  Window  Guards,  Doors,  Shut- 
ters, itc. 

AUGUSTA  AND  WANESBORO’  R R.  CO.,  Ga. — Iron  Gateways,  measuring  44  feet,  22  feet  and  11  feet,  suitable 
for  Railway  purposes,  furnished  for  tlie  above  Company. 

THE  HOUSE  OF  REFUGE,  Philadelphia. — The  Gallery  Railing  and  Iron  Bedsteads. 

SCHOOL  OF  MODERN  REFORM,  near  Boston. — All  the  Window  Gratings. 

PRESIDENT’S  GROUNDS  AT  WASHINGTON. 

ASTOR  LIBRARY CONVENT  OF  SACRED  HEARTS BOARD  OF  EDUCATION  ;^GEORGIA 
FEMALE  COLLEGE  ;—BLOOMINGD ALE  ASYLUM COLLEGE  OF  ST.  JAMES,  &c.,  &c. 

CORPORATION  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NATCHEZ. 

CITY  INFIRMARY,  Cincinnati. 

FULTON  BANK;— HANOVER  BANK;— CITY  BANK  OF  BROOKLYN ;— BROOKLYN  SAVINGS  BANK  ; 
—CENTRAL  BANK  OF  BROOKLYN  ;— BANK  OF  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK  ;— BANK  OF 
NORTH  AMERICA  ;— STATE  BANK  AT  TROY  ;— CENTRAL  BANK  AT  TROY;— MANUFAC- 
TURERS’ BANK  AT  TROY;— STATE  BANK,  NEWARK  ;— BANK  AT  PORTSMOUTH,  VA.  ;— 
M EEC  11  ANT’S  BANK,  POUGHKEEPSIE ;— CANAL  BANK  AT  LOCKPORT;— COJ^IMERCIAL  BANK, 
GLENN  FALLS ;— ATLANTIC  BANK,  NEW  YORK,  &c.,  &c. 

COLUMBIA  INSURANCE  CO. ;— WASHINGTON  INSURANCE  CO.;— UNITED  STATES  INSURANCE 
CO.,  &c. 

METROPOLITAN  HOTEL  ;— ST.  NICHOLAS  ;— PRESCOTT  HOUSE ;— CLINTON  HOTEL  ;— LAFARGE 
HOTEL;— HAIGHT  -HOUSE,  Elmira  ;— GREENWICH  HOTEL  ;— ST.  CHARLES  HOTEL,  N.  0., 
&c.,  &c. 

NIBLO’S  THEATRE;— BROADWAY  THEATRE,  New  York ;— ST.  CHARLES  THEATRE ;— NATIONAL 
TlIEA'l’RE,  Boston,  &c.,  &c. 

MR.S.  JUDSON’S  GRAVE,  at  St.  Helena. 

Stk.vmkhs  PACIFIC,  ARCTIC,  GOLDEN  GATE,  BLACK  WARRIOR,  GOLDEN  AGE,  FLORIDA,  AUGUSTA 
ERRICSSON,  YANKEE  BLADE,  &c.,  kc. 

Also,  extensive  orders  have  been  fdled  for  several  Palaces  in  Mexico;  also,  Caha,  Caraccas,  South  America,  California, 

Aw-ilrnlia,  Africa,  Ac.,  <i'c. 

lion.  Grn.  Bancroft,  late  Minister  to  England;  Hon.  lU/rt.  B.  Laicrence,  ex-Governor  of  Rhode  Island  ; Wm.  Aspinivall, 
Esq.,  of  Howland  ik  Aspin wall  ; Janies  Brown,  of  Brown,  Bros,  k Co.;  Theodore  Sedgwick,  Esq.,  President 
Crystal  Palace;  Mortimer  Livingston,  Esq.,  Bremen  Steamers;  Auguste  Belmont,  Esq.;  .]fessrs.  Corcoran  A 
Riggs;  (len.  James  llufoo/;  Wehh ; Anson  G.  Phelps,  Jr.;  Geo.  L.  Schuyler,  Esq.  ; Dr.  Alfred  Freeman,  C.  B. 
Conanl,  I'lq.  ; R.  Bernent,  Eg.;  .Messrs.  Bdl,  Black  tf  (h.  ; Messrs.  I).  Appleton  A Co  ; Horace  Greeley,  Esq.; 
Jno.  F.  Ropes,  Eq  ; Alderman  Herrick;  Late  A.  J.  Downing,  Esq.;  Philip  Van  Rens,salaer,  Esq.;  Archhishoi) 
Hughes;  Wni  B.  Astor,  Esq.;  E.  H.  Delando,  Esq.;  Joi.  IF.  Also]),  Esq.  ; Judge  Ctnnphell,  Jr.,  Jr.,  Jr. 


4'> 


46 


» 


Fig.  1,  is  a Perspective  View  ; 

Fig.  2,  a Transverse  Section  ; 

Fig.  3,  is  a Side  View  of  the  Supporting  Columns ; and 


*•'1 

s]  1 

Hp  V.  xj]  1 

sf 

r 

[ 

V.; 

1 

A.' 

1 ^ 

*1 r 



Fig.  4,  a Front  Elevation  of  a portion  of  the  Road. 

A A.  Columns  on  a line  with  the  curb  stone 

From  the  columns  spring  Longitudinal  Braces  B,  and 
Transverse  Braces  C;  D,  Iron  Railings  fronting  the  street. 

Fig.  5,  Longitudinal  View  of  Roof  over  the  lower  side- 
walk and  pavement  of  the  upper  sidewalk. 

a — Is  Stone  Flagging  on  Terrace. 

1) — Iron  Gratings,  on  which  the  flagging  rests. 

c — Wronght-Iton  Beams,  supporting  the  grating  and 
flagging,  to  which  is  attached 

(/ — The  Roof,  over  the  lower  sidewalk,  of  Corrugated 
Iron. 

e 4’ /,  Fi^.  1 — Conduits  of  Water  and  Gas. 


F>]/.  r>. 


47 


'riic  plans  for  constructing  an  Elevated  Railroad  in  Broadway  heretofore  jwesented,  have  all  possessed  some 
grossly  objectionable  feature,  which  rendered  them  impracticable  in  benefiting  this  world  renowned  thoroughfare. 
Some  glaring  impossibility  has  always  suggested  itself,  to  counteract  whatever  valuabM  idea  each  ])lan  might  contain. 
Had  these  projects  been  more  suggestive  of  real  improvement,  and  less  fanciful  in  their  details,  the  public  would  not 
have  been  so  ready  to  exclaim  against  all  plans  for  a Railroad  in  Broadway. 

In  my  plan,  I propose  to  build  a Railroad,  and  an  additional  sidewalk  over  the  present  one,  elevated  to  the  level 
of  the  second  story,  and  projecting  in  the  form  of  a balcony,  supported  by  columns  planted  on  a line  with  the  curb. 
This  road  and  sidewalk  arc  intended  to  occupy  both  sides  of  Broadway,  connecting  at  the  upper  and  lower  termini 
by  a continuous  track,  forming  an  Endless  Railroad. 

During  the  summer  months,  the  travel  will  be  down  on  the  east  side  and  up  on  the  west  side — and  vice  versa  during 
the  winter.  This  arrangement  will  shield  the  greater  part  of  the  community,  in  the  summer  forenoons  and  afternoons, 
in  going  to  and  returning  from  business ; while,  by  reversing  the  order  of  travel  for  the  winter  season,  the  great  ma- 
jority of  passengers  will  have  the  benefit  of  the  genial  warmth  of  the  sun,  both  up  and  down  town. 

A[y  plans  of  construction  are,  to  make  this  terrace,  with  its  columns  and  supports  of  iron,  the  sidewalks  above  to 
be  formed  of  flag-stones,  resting  on  woven  iron  gratings,  supported  by  beams  bound  firmly  together  af  the  columns. 
The  roof  of  the  lower  sidewalk  will  be  made  of  corrugated  iron,  forming  gutters  on  the  upper  surface  for  the  passage 
of  water  to  the  main  canal  of  the  balcony,  which  is  led  off  through  the  columns  to  the  lower  gutter.  This  corrugated 
iron  can  be  so  laid  as  to  prevent  water  or  dirt  descending  on  the  lower  sidewalk,  making  it  a perfectly  water-tight  cov- 
ering. The  columns  will  serve  not  only  as  conductors  of  water,  but  of  gas,  and  will  also  answer  the  purpose  of  fire- 
plugs where  they  may  be  required,  forming  a double  fire-plug,  one  above  and  another  below,  with  two  attachments 
to  the  same  column.  At  every  building,  also,  there  would  be  a gas  lamp  above  and  below,  producing  a general  and 
brilliant  illumination. 

The  cars  are  intended  to  be  run  on  the  outside  of  the  upper  terrace,  directly  over  the  line  of  iron  columns,  so 
that  the  entire  weight  will  be  supported  by  their  agency — thus  relieving  of  all  pressure  from  the  weight  of  the 
cars  the  entire  structure  where  it  spans  to  the  building.  The  cars  will  be  drawn  by  horses,  until  some  of  the  new 
plans  are  more  fully  developed  for  propulsion  by  atmospheric  pressure,  or  otherwise. 

The  rails  will  be  of  iron,  laid  on  India  rubber,  and  supported  by  wooden  sills,  to  remove  the  noise  and  jar,  on  the 
principle  so  beautifully  illustrated  by  the  dipplce,  between  the  two  tables  of  the  human  skull.  The  track  for  the  horses 
will  be  laid  with  wooden  blocks,  as  being  calculated  to  produce  less  noise  than  the  Russ  pavement,  which,  however, 
could  be  laid  here,  if  thought  desirable. 

The  railing  on  the  outer  edge  of  the  terrace  will  be  strong  and  substantial ; and  a railing  is  likewise  to  be  placed 
between  the  cars  and  the  pedestrians,  acting  as  a guard  to  prevent  accidents  by  coming  in  contact  with  the  cars — 
with  openings  at  the  end  and  middle  of  each  block  for  the  ingress  and  egress  of  passengers. 

The  crossings  at  the  streets  on  this  thoroughfare  will  be  sprung  with  arches.  At  Canal  and  Chatham  streets, 
there  could  be  constructed  inclined  planes,  of  gentle  slope,  connecting  with  the  various  City  Railroads;  by  such  means 
all  the  Avenue  Railroads  would  have  direct  communication  with  South  Ferry.  I also  propose  making  transverse 
bridges  at  Fulton,  Cortland,  Wall,  and  other  crowded  thoroughfares — thus  avoiding  the  present  danger  of  being  run 
over  at  the  perilous  points. 

The  stairways,  for  easy  access  to  the  upper  terrace,  can  be  arranged  in  the  inside  of  the  buildings.  These  land- 
ings would  soon  come  to  be  known  by  the  names  of  the  occupants  of  the  premises,  as  “ Genin’s  Landing,”  “ Brooks’ 
Landing,”  &c.,  &c.  This  publicity  will  amply  repay  those  - through  whose  premises  the  landings  may  be  reached. 
The  Company  can  purchase  the  right  of  way  through  these  loealities,  and  the  merchant  can  add  to  the  facility  by 
permitting  his  customers  to  make  use  of  his  stairway,  in  cases  where  the  first  and  second  floors  are  occupied  by  the 
same  persons. 

The  height  of  this  upper  terrace  will  be  on  an  average  of  about  sixteen  feet,  so  as  to  be  adapted  to  the  building 
of  the  latest  construction.  If  the  height  of  any  building  should  not  suit  this  average,  it  will  be  easy  to  make  stair- 
ways of  a few  steps,  either  ascending  or  descending,  as  the  case  may  be — these  steps  to  be  constructed  inside  the 
buildings,  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  the  sidewalk. 

The  present  sidewalk  is  sixteen  feet  wide.  I propose  widening  it  above  to  nineteen  feet,  by  extending  it  over 
the  street  three  feet.  This  will  give  a clear  width  to  the  upper  sidewalk  of  ten  feet  for  pedestrians,  and  nine  feet  oc- 
cupied by  the  track  and  the  outside  and  inside  balustrade.  This  will  leave  the  upper  sidewalk  independent  of  the 
rail  track,  practically  almost  as  wide  as  the  lower  one,  when  we  consider  the  areas,  stoops,  cellar  doors,  basement 
entrances,  &c. 

Neither  of  these  sidewalks  will  possess  advantages  over  the  other.  While  the  lower  one  is  a covered  promenade, 
the  upper  one  offers  all  the  advantages  of  a railroad  and  promenade,  and  all  the  novelty  of  an  elevated  terrace,  im- 
parting an  air  of  picture.sque  grandeur  to  our  far-famed  Broadway,  and  making  it  one  of  the  most  magnificent 
thoroughfares  in  the  world,  inviting  and  attracting  strangers  to  behold  the  glory  of  the  Empire  City. 

By  dividing  the  distance  between  the  Battery  and  the  Crystal  Palace  into  spaces  of  twenty-five  feet,  we  have  in 
all  about  two  thousand  fronts,  including  the  crossings  of  the  side  streets.  The  cost  of  each  front  will  be  about  $1,500, 
making  the  whole  amount  for  the  Elevated  Terrace  Railroad,  &c.,  about  $3,000,000.  Each  property  holder  is  to  take 


48 


an  amount  assej^sed  upon  the  front  of  his  premises,  in  a proportion  sufficient  to  construct  the  terrace,  and  stock  the 
road — for  which  amount  he  receives  an  equivalent  in  stock,  which  will  always  command  the  highest  premium  in  the 
market.  In  this  manner  the  foad  can  be  built,  and  will  increase  the  actual  value  of  property  in  Broadway  alone  not 
less  than  fifty  millions  of  dollars,  besides  giving  to  the  public  in  general  a thoroughfare  unsurpassed  in  the  world  in 
point  of  convenience,  whether  for  walking  or  riding. 

Some  of  the  more  practical  advantages  of  my  plan  are,  that  it  will  relieve  Broadway,  by  increasing  the  sidewalk 
facilities,  increasing  the  means  of  public  conveyance,  not  interfering  with  the  omnibus  interest,  and  doubling  the 
capacities  of  Broadway  for  business  and  travel,  forming  an  additional  row  of  store  fronts,  on  a level  with  the  upper 
sidewalk  on  each  side  of  the  street,  thereby  increasing  the  rent  of  the  second,  third  and  fourth  stories. 

The  plans  of  construction  of  this  improvement  are  simple  and  easy.  The  structure  can  be  built  strong,  durable, 
and  ornamental,  producing  one  of  the  grandest  effects  imaginable ; and  making  Broadway  the  admiration  and  model 
of  the  whole  world,  by  this  combination  of  a continuous  covered  promenade  and  an  elevated  terrace. 

All  my  ideas  are  practical,  and  founded  on  actual  observation,  measurement  and  calculation.  The  plan  here 
submitted  has  already  met  the  approval  of  many  of  the  most  respectable,  intelligent,  and  influential  property  holders 
on  the  line  of ’the  proposed  improvement.  I have  carefully  and  anxiously  weighed  everything  that  may  possibly  be 
brought  to  bear  against  it;  and  I candidly  confess  that  I can  see  in  the  enterprise  nothing  but  valuable  and 
magnificent  improvements.  By  the  plans  of  construction  I have  adopted,  every  objection  and  every  obstacle  to  this 
elevated  terrace  and  road  is  removed. 

The  great  mistake,  as  I conceive,  of  all  who  have  written  about  “ relieving  Broadway  ” is,  that  they  seek  to 
remove  a portion  of  its  business  and  travel,  instead  of  providing  additional  facilities,  and  extending  and  increasing 
the  amount  of  that  business  and  travel.  Any  man  of  common  observation  must  see  that  the  transformations  going 
on  in  the  lower  part  of  the  city — filling  all  the  side  streets,  from  Chambers  down,  with  stores  and  warehouses,  and 
driving  the  families  up  town,  must  enormously  increase  the  amount  of  travel  in  Broadway;  and  it  is  this  very  fact, 
and  the  desire  to  keep  the  travel  in  Broadway,  without  choking  it,  that  has  given  me  the  idea  of  doubling  its  facilities 
by  elevated  sidewalk  and  railroad. 

It  is  just  as  necessary  to  give  relief  to  the  sidewalks  as  to  the  thronged  streets.  My  object  has  been  to  use  what 
we  already  have  without  incurring  unnecessary  expense  in  alterations,  such  as  widening  the  streets,  &c.  This,  if  it 
were  practicable,  would  only  relieve  temporarily  in  one  place  to  harass  in  another.  If  there  were  no  stoops,  gratings, 
areas,  or  basements  to  obstruct  the  walk,  it  would  perhaps  present  a different  aspect.  We  want  some  improvement 
that  will  benefit  all  interests  and  embarrass  none. 

Sixteen  feet  will  bring  the  Elevated  Terrace  among  the  majority  of  first  floors.  My  desire  is  to  see  all  future 
buildings  erected  with  large  and  spacious  room  below,  so  as  to  attract  attention  from  the  brilliant  display  which 
would  be  occasioned  by  such  an  arrangement  through  the  whole  length  of  this  magnificent  street,  and  not  to  interfere 
with  those  who  do  or  will  occupy  these  floors.  The  parties  on  the  second  floor  will  be  glad  to  have  any  respectable 
connection  with  the  upper  sidewalk,  and  would  not  be  so  particular  as  those  below.  As  new  buildings  are  put  up, 
they  would,  of  course,  be  arranged  to  this  height ; and  eventually  the  upper  sidewalks  would  be  as  showy  as  those 
below. 

In  some  places  in  Broadway  this  structure  would  swallow  up  half  the  second  story,  and  encroach  on  the  third. 
In  this  case,  remove  the  floor  of  the  third  story,  and  have  a large  and  lofty  room,  with  little  expense,  which  will 
produce  twice  as  much  rent  as  both  rooms  now  yield. 

It  is  objected  that  my  plan  will  exclude  the  light  from  the  lower  sidewalk,  and  make  the  stores  too  dark  to 
transact  business. 

What  are  the  facts  about  the  light  in  Broadway  ? Is  it  not  true  that  in  the  shop  windows  and  inside  the  stores, 
it  is  now  too  strong^  and  that  most  all  of  our  new  stores  are  being  built  with  express  reference  to  modifying  and 
tempering  it,  so  as  to  show  goods  to  better  advantage  ? Many  of  the  choicest  and  daintiest  goods  are  now  kept  from 
being  exposed  to  the  public  in  the  shop  windows,  because  the  light  is  too  strong.  It  is  well  known  that  a large 
amount  of  goods  are  constantly  being  injured  by  the  reflection  of  the  sun’s  rays  through  the  shop  windows.  Even 
in  London,  with  its  smoky,  murky  atmosphere,  the  windows  of  the  shops  are  furnished  with  heavy  curtains,  and 
other  contrivances  are  resorted  to  for  the  purpose  of  graduating  and  lessening  the  light.  In  Paris,  the  Palais  Royal 
— the  most  splendid  and  fashionable  shopping  promenade  in  the  world — is  entirely  covered  in  by  bMconies  extending 
over  the  walks  on  all  sides ; and  even  here,  many  of  the  most  brilliant  shops  adopt  additional  means  of  exeluding 
the  light.  The  whole  of  the  fine  Contrada  del  Po,  the  Broadway  of  Turin,  is  covered  with  massive  stone  balconies 
over  the  sidewalk. 

If  we  think  of  it  candidly  for  a moment,  we  shall  see  that  the  proposed  Elevated  Terrace  will  not  diminish  to 
any  great  extent  the  amount  of  light  which  now  reaches  the  stores  and  sidewalk.  Almost  every  store  has  an  awning, 
some  of  them  low,  some  high,  and  all  excluding  a great  portion  of  light.  These  awnings,  which  are  semi-opaque,  are 
generally  run  down  slanting,  within  eight  feet  of  the  sidewalk,  and  actually  intercept  a greater  proportion  of  the  rays 
of  light  than  would  be  done  by  a horizontal  balcony,  sixteen  feet  from  the  ground.  Any  one  can  draw  a diagram 
with  a pencil  that  will  prove  this  in  a moment. 


49 


la  a climate  bright  and  brilliant  as  ours,  where  the  intense  sunlight  prevents  all  the  choicest  goods  from  being 
exhibited,  a balcony  like  those  of  the  Palais  Eoyal,  and  of  Turin,  is  actually  a great  desideratum  to  shop-keepers ; 
and  in  addition  to  the  priceless  blessing  of  a shelter  at  all  times  from  the  broiling  sun  and  the  rattling  showers  by 
which  New  York  is  characterized,  I consider  one  of  the  greatest  incidental  advantages  offered  by  my  Terrace  is  this 
regular,  constant,  and  equal  modification  of  light  which  it  will  produce  in  the  shops  of  the  lower  sidewalk. 

Nothing  is  better  than  stone  for  pavements.  It  presents  always  the  same  grit,  to  create  friction  and  prevent 
slipperiness,  which  is  not  the  case  either  with  iron  or  glass.  The  former  will  wear  smooth  and  become  slippery  by 
constant  use,  while  the  latter  is  always  dangerous  to  walk  on,  and  always  liable  to  fracture  when  exposed  in  largo 
pieces.  Glass  also  admits  the  light  strongly,  and  is  a condenser  and  intensifier  of  the  sun’s  rays,  as  is  illustrated  % 
the  construction  of  glass  hot-houses.  This  would  prevent  that  perfect  shade  for  the  lower  walk,  which  we  so  keenly 
feel  the  want  of  in  hot  summer  months.  Nor  would  glass  be  sufiiciently  strong  for  the  purposes  intended. 


JOHN  B.  WICKERSHAM, 

812  BROADWAY,  N.  Y. 


OJPXNIOXJ-IS  OX*  •X'XXXQ  . 

r k 


Hunt's  Mercha7its'  Magazine. 

A number  of  plans  have  been  suggested  for  facilitating  the  immense  travel  of  Broadway,  but  we  have  seen  none, 
so  far  as  we  are  capable  of  judging,  so  well  calculated  to  promote  that  object,  as  the  one  proposed  by  Mr.  John  B. 
Wickersham,  an  ingenious  mechanic  of  New  York.  Its  importance  to  the  commercial  and  social  interest  of  New 
York  cannot  be  too  highly  estimated. 

Scientific  Amei'ican^  N.  Y. 

Numerous  plans  have  been  presented  to  the  public  within  a short  time  past  for  an  Elevated  Railroad  in  Broad- 
way ; several  of  these  we  have  illustrated  for  our  readers.  There  is  evidently  a necessity  for  something  of  this  kind, 
or  so  much  interest  would  not  have  been  manifested  in  the  matter  by  the  public.  We  once  more  present  illustra- 
tions of  a plan  of  this  kind  devised  by  J.  B.  Wickersham,  the  well-known  iron  railing  manufacturer  of  this  city.  Wa 
have  carefully  examined  this  plan,  and  can  commend  it  to  our  readers.  It  is  certainly  in  every  way  preferable  to  any 
plan  we  have  before  illustrated  and  described. 

New  York  Tribune. 

We  publish  a plan  for  a Broadway  Railroad,  which  our  readers  will  find  well  deserving  an  examination.  It  is 
devised  by  a thoroughly  practical  man,  Mr.  Wickersham,  the  well-known  iron  manufacturer,  and  appears  to  us  better 
than  any  of  the  schemes  previously  put  forward.  The  people  of  the  city  will  do  well  to  look  into  it;  we  have  heard 
of  no  scheme  for  the  relief  of  Broadway,  which  so  decidedly  commends  itself  to  consideration. 

American  Courier,  {Philadelphia.) 

We  are  happy  in  being  able  to  present  our  readers  with  the  accompanying  sketches  and  diagrams  of  the  proposed 
Elevated  Railroad  for  Broadway,  New  York,  by  J.  B.  Wickersham,  to  which  we  have  frequently  alluded,  as  offering, 
in  our  opinion,  the  most  acceptable  plan  of  any  that  we  have  examined.  It  will  be  seen  to  afford,  in  addition  to  its 
other  merits,  a perpetual  .shelter  to  pedestrians  against  the  drenching  storms  or  scorching  suns  of  our  climate,  similar 
to  the  street-arcades  of  many  of  the  cities  of  the  old  world.  Its  novel  beauty  will  not  be  the  least  of  its  attractions, 
as  may  be  seen  at  a glance,  and  the  street  is  left  entirely  free  from  the  ordinary  pleasure  or  business  operations  of  the 
city. 

i 


New  York  Courier  and  Enquirer. 

Having  great  confidence  in  Mr.  Wickersham  as  a practical  mechanic,  we  have  examined  his  drawings  and  plans 
with  no  ordinary  care  and  satisfaction.  The  result  is  a conviction  that  his  plan  is  not  only  feasible,  but  that  it  will  in 
fact  add  largely  to  the  value  of  property  on  Broadway. 

Neiv  York  Morning  and  Eivening  Express. 

It  provides  so  many  advantages  to  everybody,  and  so  little  damage  to  anybody.  We  earnestly  commend  this 
plan  to  the  attention  of  all  the  holders  of  property  on  Broadway,  and  in  thinking  of  it  must  reflect  that  the  time  is 
rapidly  coming  when  Broadway  must  have  some  other  vent  than  it  now  has.  As  something  has  to  be  done,  is  not 
this  the  very  best  plan  ? The  public  at  large,  no  doubt,  would  be  largely  benefited  by  such  a road ; and  would  not 
the  Broadway  property  holders  be  benefited  also  ? Again,  what  commends  this  plan  is,  that  it  interferes  in  no  way 
with  the  omnibus  interest,  private  carriages,  or  passengers  on  that  great  thouroughfare. 

Home  Journal,  N.  Y. 

Anything  that  tends  to  the  correction  of  nuisances — especially  if  at  the  same  time  it  ministers  to  the  public  con- 
venience— has  our  decided  and  warm  support.  We  think,  and  after  careful  deliberation,  that  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant of  the  means  available  for  reform,  is  the  plan  proposed  by  Mr.  J.  B.  Wickersham,  for  an  elevated  terrace,  with 
railroad  and  sidewalk  over  Broadway  on  each  side. 

SiLnday  Dispatch,  N.  Y. 

Mr.  Wickershanrs  plan  obviates  the  objections  against  all  previous  plans,  and  is  really  a practicable  and  desirable 
method  of  relieving  Broadway,  doubling  the  value  of  real  estate,  and  adding  immensely  to  the  facilities  of  the  public. 

Sunday  Atlas,  N.  Y. 

It  possesses  the  entire  merit  of  originality  of  conception,  and  is  worthy  of  the  consideration  of  men  of  science, 
geniu.s,  enterprise,  and  capital. 

Sunday  Times,  N Y. 

A plan  of  a second-story  Railroad  in  Broadway  has  at  length  been  hit  upon  that  will  find  great  favor,  and  per- 
haps lead  to  the  construction  of  this  novel  and  picturesque  illustration  of  a City  mnUiplied  by  itself. 

Day  Book,  N.  Y. 

It  is  just  one  of  those  magnificent  and  startling  enterprises  congenial  to  the  present  age,  and  -which  New  Tork 
is  the  only  city  in  America  sufficiently  important  and  wealthy  to  adopt. 

The  Sachem,  N.  Y. 

An  Elevated  Raili’oad  and  Sidewalk  in  Broadway  is  presented  under  such  auspices,  and  in  so  rational  and  logical 
a shape,  as  to  obviate  the  objections  heretofore  made  against  every  plan  of  the  Road.  We  see  nothing  so  feasible  as 
this  plan  of  Mr.  Wickersham’s. 

New  York:,  March  13th,  1854. 

.My  Dear  Sir  : — I have  devoted  considerable  time  and  attention  to  your  circular  in  relation  to  an  ELEVATED 
RAILROAD  TERRACE  IN  BROADWAY.  I feel  convinced  that  it  is  just  the  thing  that  is  needed,  and  that  it  is 
the  only  feasible  plan  yet  suggested. 

T own  some  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  frontings  in  Broadway  on  several  locations,  and  would  take  my  propor- 
tion of  the  stock ; in  fact,  I regard  the  stock  as  one  that  would  soon  command  a high  premium. 

Yours  truly, 

P.  T.  BARNUM. 

To  J.  B,  Wickersham,  Esq. 


OF  HARTFORD,  CONN. 

. XX^I^ZSLS,  A.  Gr  "ES  N rP  f 

312  Broadway,  New  York. 


High  and  Low  Pressure  Steam  Engines,  Steam  Boilers, 
Powder  and  Paper  Mill  Machinery,  Stone  Cut- 
ting and  Tunnelling  Machines,  Sugar 
Mills,  Lathes,  Shafting,  and 

EVERY  DESCRIPTION  OF 


With  an  assortment  of  Mill  Gearing,  Pulley,  and  otlier  Patterns,  a collection  of  more  than  oO 
years’  business,  in  the  largest  establishment  in  the  State. 


E.  A.  BROOKS, 

METROPOLITAN  BOOT  AND  SHOE  EMPORIUM, 
(Opposite  the  Metropolitan  Hotel,)  , No.  575  BROADWAY. 


NEW  YORK  BOOT  AND  SHOE  EMPORIUM, 

(Six  Doors  from  Broadway,)  No.  150  FULTON  ST. 

The  largest,  handsomest,  and  cheapest  assortment  of  Boors,  Shoes,  Gaiters,  &e  , in 
New  York. 

Articles  manufactured  at  this  establishment  are  superior  to  any  made  in  this  country 
as  regards  their  beauty,  shape,  workmanship  and  durability. 

The  stock  comprises  Ladies’,  Gextlemex’s,  Misses’,  Yocths’,  Boys’,  axd  Childrex's. 


I.  M.  SINGER  & CO., 

SOLK  MAXrKACTCRKRS  OF 

S IX  G ER  P A TEXT  S TR  A I G 11 T XEEJ)  L E 

SEWING  MACHINES, 

,hi(l  Dealers  in  Sewing  Mneliines,  Superior  Silk  Twist,  on  Spools, 
Thread,  Needles,  iVc. 

Principal  Office,  No.  323  Broadway,  N.  Y., 

BRANCH  OFFICES  : 

.%■  Soiiih  Fourth  si.,  I’liiln..  I 1.^0  nnllimorp  si.,  linlliinorp, 

•i.'il  Wnsliiiiiiloii  SI..  Uosloii,  I 1!»7  Fliii  si.,  Ciiiciniiali, 

2 17  KIvit  SIrcel,  Troy,  \.  Y. 


INT  E MTV 


WIRE  RAILING  WORKS. 


WIRE  RAILINGS,  GRATINGS,  VERANDAS,  WROUGHT  AND  CAST-IRON 
RAILINGS,  FARM  FENCES,  IRON  FURNITURE,  IRON  BED- 
STEADS, IRON  STATUARY.  SETTEES,  CHAIRS,  &c. 


■C 


& 


!l 


JOHN  B.  WICKERS  HAM.  AGENT, 

\ 

312  BROADWAY,  New  York. 


WORKS,  57,  59  AND  61  LEWIS  STREET, 

:i!W  E3 


